Kev hloov pauv kab lis kev cai tshwm sim ntawm tus nqi tib yam li kev lom neeg

Kev hloov pauv kab lis kev cai tshwm sim ntawm tus nqi tib yam li kev lom neeg
Kev hloov pauv kab lis kev cai tshwm sim ntawm tus nqi tib yam li kev lom neeg
Anonim

Qee lub sij hawm nws zoo li kev coj noj coj ua niaj hnub tab tom tsim ntawm kev kiv taub hau. Hauv suab paj nruag, xinesmas thiab ntawv nyeem, cov qauv tshiab tshwm sim thiab hloov pauv sai, couturiers thiab cov tsim qauv yeej tsis tso tseg tsis xav tsis thoob nrog cov ntsiab lus tshiab, daim ntawv thov tshiab tas li tuaj rau hauv kev zam, thiab ntxiv rau.

Hauv kev sib piv, kev hloov pauv hauv lub cev zoo li tshwm sim qeeb dua. Tom qab tag nrho, kev hloov pauv caj ces uas ua rau tsiaj thiab nroj tsuag muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tshiab tau maj mam kho nyob rau tiam neeg tshiab.

Tab sis puas yog tiag? Puas yog tib neeg kev coj noj coj ua tseem tsis tau txhim kho nrawm li nws yuav zoo li, thiab peb tsis mob siab rau hloov pauv?

Cov lus teb rau lo lus nug no tsis yooj yim, vim tias tsis muaj qhov tshwj xeeb tshwj xeeb lossis, cia peb hais, chav ntsuas ntsuas rau ntsuas seb kev coj noj coj ua hloov pauv li cas.

Tseem yog cov kws tshawb fawb los ntawm UK thiab Tebchaws Meskas tau sim sib piv cov nqi ntawm kev coj noj coj ua thiab kev hloov pauv keeb kwm keeb kwm uas siv thawj txoj hauv kev.

Suab paj nruag nrov, ntawv Askiv, luam tawm txuj ci thiab tsim tsheb yog cov khoom ntawm kev tshawb fawb.

Tshwj xeeb, cov kws tshaj lij tshuaj xyuas 17 txhiab nkauj uas tau nkag mus rau Billboard Hot 100 ntaus suab paj nruag thaum xyoo 1960 thiab 2010, thiab xaiv ib puas yam suab paj nruas yam ntxwv (txawv). Hauv cov tsheb, 16 qhov sib txawv tau txiav txim siab (suav nrog qhov loj thiab lub zog). Thaum kawg, cov kws tshawb fawb tshuaj xyuas 2,200 qhov kev ua haujlwm ntawm 19 xyoo pua tus kws sau ntawv Askiv thiab 170,000 qhov kev tshaj tawm ntawm British Medical Journal. 500 cov ncauj lus sib txawv raug xaiv los ua qhov sib txawv.

Siv cov ntsuas ntsuas thiab cov cuab yeej los ntawm kev tshawb fawb keeb kwm keeb kwm, pab pawg sib piv cov kev hloov pauv ntawm kab lis kev cai nrog rau kev hloov pauv keeb kwm ntawm plaub hom (qwj, noog, thiab ob hom npauj npaim) uas tau txiav txim siab ua qauv hauv cov ntsiab lus no.

Piv txwv li, kev hloov xim ntawm tis ntawm npauj npaim birch yog qhov piv txwv nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm kev tsim melanism. Txog thaum nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19, cov tis ntawm cov npauj tau dawb-greyish nrog qhov tsaus nti, vim yog cov kab tsis pom ntawm cov ntoo ntawm tsob ntoo. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv cov xim hloov pauv nrog qhov pib ntawm Kev Hloov Pauv Kev Lag Luam, thaum Tebchaws Askiv tau npog nrog cov hmoov av. Thaum cov kev cai lij choj tswj hwm cov pa paug tuaj yeem siv thiab cov ntoo ntoo rov qab los rau lawv cov xim ib txwm, xim ntawm npauj npaim tis tau hloov dua.

Lwm cov tsiaj siv yog Darwinian finches, uas hloov lawv cov plaub hau zoo hauv kev teb rau kev hloov pauv ib puag ncig (xws li dej nag thiab nag los). Siv tus piv txwv ntawm cov noog no, cov kws tshawb fawb keeb kwm keeb kwm tau pov thawj tias ib hom tsiaj tshiab tuaj yeem tsim hauv ob tiam nkaus xwb.

Rau ob qho tib si kev coj noj coj ua thiab kev lom neeg "pab pawg," pab pawg tau ntsuas cov ntsuas uas cuam tshuam txog kev hloov pauv. Thiab lawv tau tig los ua qhov qub.

"Nws hais qee yam txog tib neeg kev xav. Peb xav tsis thoob txog qhov peb xaiv, thiab qhov peb nyiam yog hloov pauv qeeb heev," tus thawj coj pab pawg Armand Leroi ntawm Imperial College London.

Raws li qee tus kws tshawb fawb, kev coj noj coj ua ntawm kab lis kev cai tuaj yeem raug saib raws li cov kab mob: lawv loj hlob, hloov pauv thiab muab ntau ntxiv.

Qhov piv txwv yooj yim tshaj plaws: tib neeg tsis nco qab cov lus tso dag tsis zoo, tab sis qhia txhua lwm yam dab neeg lom zem ntau thiab ntau zaus. Peb tau nyeem cov phau ntawv ntawm classics rau ib-paus xyoo, thiab lub yeeb koob ntawm ib-hnub muag zoo yog ploj mus ua ntej peb lub qhov muag. Ib txoj hauv kev tshiab hauv kev tshawb fawb tsuas kis tau yog tias cov kws tshawb fawb pom nws muaj txiaj ntsig, thiab ntxiv rau.

"Thaum peb tsim qee yam tshiab, ua nws yog kab lus tshawb fawb lossis ua haujlwm kos duab, peb coj nws thiab tso nws mus rau hauv ntiaj teb, thiab nws yuav nyob lossis tuag. Nws txoj kev vam meej nyob ntawm seb tib neeg xav tau nws lossis tsis yog, [nws yog] zoo li kev xaiv ntuj, "hais tias xibfwb Leroy, hais txog qhov ib puag ncig ib puag ncig uas ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv hauv xwm, hauv kev coj noj coj ua, hloov los ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm tib neeg kev nkag siab..

Ntxiv mus, ob qho tib si kev coj noj coj ua thiab kev hloov pauv keeb kwm tshwm sim luv luv ntawm kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb, feem ntau vim yog lwm yam. Piv txwv li, kev hloov pauv sai ntawm cov plaub hau ntawm Darwin's finches tuaj yeem piv nrog kev nrawm ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm lub tsheb, uas yog, nrog cov tsos ntawm hluav taws xob "cov xeeb ntxwv" hauv tsev neeg no (los ntawm txoj kev, hauv ob qho tib si, huab cua) kev hloov pauv tau ua rau.)

Leroy tseem sau tseg tias tib lub Darwin finches yug me nyuam nruab nrab ib xyoos ib zaug. Kwv yees li tib lub sijhawm yuav tsum tau sau thiab tsim phau ntawv tshiab lossis nkauj (uas yog qhov tseeb, cov khoom cuav no "sib npaug" nyob rau tib tus nqi).

Los ntawm txoj kev, ua ntej qee tus kws tshawb fawb xav txog kev hloov pauv ntawm cov khoom qub qub qub, piv txwv li, cov cuab yeej pob zeb, los ntawm qhov pom ntawm no. Raws li ib qho ntawm cov haujlwm no, kev txhim kho tib neeg kev coj noj coj ua yog ob zaug nrawm dua li kev hloov pauv keeb kwm. Tus sau txoj kev tshawb fawb no, Charles Perrault ntawm University of Arizona, sib cav tias qhov no hloov pauv nrawm: ua tsaug rau kev txhim kho sai, ib tus neeg tuaj yeem hloov kho rau cov kab ke tshiab, thiab nws lub neej kev cia siab nce ntxiv.

Ib tsab xov xwm tshawb fawb ntawm cov txiaj ntsig ntawm txoj kev tshawb fawb tshiab los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb keeb kwm keeb kwm tau nthuav tawm hauv phau ntawv xov xwm Xwm Ceev Tus Cwj Pwm Coj Tus Cwj Pwm.

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