Cov lus nug ntawm seb puas muaj lub neej nyob rau Mars tseem qhib tsuas yog rau qhov kev ntseeg siab tshaj plaws. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis muaj kev ntseeg tias muaj dej nyob ntawm Mars. Tab sis pes tsawg xyoo dhau los nws tau tshwm sim nyob ntawd? Cov keeb kwm ntawm cov dej khov tuaj yeem qhia txog qhov no. Nws txoj kev kawm tau dhau los ua tsaug rau kev tshawb pom ntawm tib lub pob zeb hauv Mars thiab hauv Antarctica.
Cov kws tshawb fawb tau tshawb pom hauv cov dej khov los ntawm Antarctica cov ntxhia uas pom muaj ntau ntawm Mars. Qhov kev tshawb pom pom tias qhov khoom tawg yooj yim, xim daj-xim av jarosite tsim tib txoj hauv kev hauv ntiaj teb thiab ntawm Mars: los ntawm hmoov av sab hauv cov dej khov thaum ub. Qhov kev tshawb pom no tseem qhia txog yuav ua li cas cov dej khov tseem ceeb ua si ntawm Red Planet. Raws li cov kws tshawb fawb, lawv tsis tsuas yog tsim cov hav, tab sis kuj tau pab tsim cov khoom siv uas tsim tau Mars.
Jarosite tau tshawb pom thawj zaug ntawm Mars xyoo 2004, thaum NASA Txoj Haujlwm Txoj Haujlwm rover tau hla nws cov txheej zoo. Qhov kev tshawb nrhiav tau dhau los ua kev nkag siab vim jarosite xav tau dej los ua, nrog rau hlau, sulfates, potassium, thiab ib puag ncig acidic.
Tag nrho cov no ua ke yog qhov nyuaj rau nrhiav hauv Mars, thiab cov kws tshawb fawb tau pib nthuav tawm cov tswv yim hais txog vim li cas cov ntxhia no muaj nyob hauv ntau. Ib tus neeg tau hais qhia tias nws tau tsim los ntawm kev nqus dej me me ntawm cov kua qaub-kua qaub. Tab sis alkaline basaltic pob zeb hauv Mars 'crust yuav neutralize dej acidic, hais tias geologist Giovanni Baccolo ntawm University of Milan Bicocca, uas yog tus thawj coj ntawm txoj kev tshawb fawb tshiab no.
Lwm qhov kev xav yog tias jarosite tsim hauv cov dej khov loj heev uas tej zaum yuav tau npog Mars ntau txhiab xyoo dhau los. Raws li cov dej khov loj tuaj, cov hmoov av tau nthuav tawm hauv nws, uas tuaj yeem hloov pauv mus rau hauv jarosite hauv qhov khoob khoob ntawm cov dej khov nab kuab. Tab sis cov kws tshawb fawb tsis tau pom dua tus txheej txheem no nyob hauv lub hnub ci.
Hauv Ntiaj Teb, jarosite tuaj yeem pom hauv cov pob zeb pov tseg, qhov uas nws tau tsim los ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm huab cua thiab nag, tab sis qhov no tsawg heev. Tsis muaj leej twg xav tias yuav pom jarosite hauv Antarctica, thiab Baccolo tsis tau nrhiav nws kiag li. Nws tab tom nrhiav cov zaub mov hauv lub plhaub dej khov nrog tuab ntawm 1,620 meters txhawm rau piav qhia qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov dej khov, uas tau kav ntau txhiab xyoo hauv ntiaj teb, los ntawm lawv cov muaj pes tsawg leeg. Tab sis nyob rau hauv qab ntawm cov kauv khov, nws pom cov hmoov av coj txawv txawv thiab qhia tias nws yuav yog jarosite.
Kom piav qhia qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov ntxhia pom, Baccolo thiab nws cov npoj yaig ntsuas seb nws nqus tau X-rays li cas. Tom qab ntawd lawv tau tshuaj xyuas cov khoom hauv qab lub tshuab tsom hluav taws xob muaj zog. Cov kws tshawb fawb pom tias lawv tau tawg tsis zoo thiab tsis muaj cov ntse. Nov yog lub cim qhia tias lawv tau tsim thiab rhuav tshem los ntawm cov txheej txheem tshuaj lom neeg hauv cov kab noj hniav ntawm cov dej khov.
Txoj haujlwm qhia tias Martian jarosite muaj keeb kwm zoo ib yam, hais tias University of Oklahoma geochemist Megan Elwood Madden, uas tsis koom nrog txoj kev tshawb no. Tab sis koj yuav piav qhia ntau npaum li cas ntawm jarosite ntawm Mars? Nws hais tias "Ntawm Mars, nws tsis yog qee zaj duab xis nyias," nws hais. "Muaj cov tso nyiaj ntau ob peb metres tuab."
Baccolo hais tias cov dej khov muaj tsuas yog ib qho me me ntawm jarosite, thiab nws qhov me me yog qhov loj me ntawm cov plaub muag lossis cov xuab zeb. Tab sis nws piav qhia tias Mars muaj hmoov av ntau dua li Antarctica, qhov chaw tshauv thiab av los ntawm cov teb chaws sab qaum teb tsuas yog hla huab cua hauv qhov me me. Baccolo hais tias "Mars yog qhov chaw muaj plua plav heev, txhua yam tau npog nrog hmoov av."Thiab ntau cov hmoov tshauv thiab hmoov av, ntau jarosite tau tsim nyob rau thaum muaj cov xwm txheej tsim nyog.
Baccolo xav siv cov cores los ntawm Antarctica los tshuaj xyuas seb puas muaj cov dej khov Martian puag thaum ub yog cov zom zaws uas lwm cov ntxhia tsim. Raws li nws, jarosite qhia tau tias glaciers tsis tsuas yog txiav saum npoo ntawm Mars, tab sis kuj tseem tuaj yeem koom nrog tsim cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj pes tsawg ntawm Red Planet. "Qhov no tsuas yog thawj qib hauv kev sib piv cov dej khov Antarctic tob thiab ib puag ncig Martian," tus kws tshawb fawb hais.